Inteligencia artificial generativa para mejorar decisiones estratégicas y competitividad en PYMES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.67166/5exrad47Palabras clave:
inteligencia artificial generativa; capacidades dinámicas; toma de decisiones estratégicas; competitividad; pequeñas y medianas empresas.Resumen
El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar en qué medida la inteligencia artificial generativa, comprendida como capacidad dinámica organizacional, mejora la toma de decisiones estratégicas y la competitividad de pequeñas y medianas empresas en mercados emergentes. El estudio se planteó con enfoque cuantitativo, diseño cuasi experimental y alcance descriptivo-correlacional, con un grupo de control y un grupo experimental integrados por 20 empresas en total. Se diseñó un test de base estructurada para medir destrezas directivas vinculadas con exploración de información, análisis predictivo, formulación de escenarios, eficiencia administrativa, aprendizaje organizacional y orientación competitiva. El instrumento fue validado por diez expertos en gestión empresarial, transformación digital, estadística aplicada y dirección estratégica; además, alcanzó una confiabilidad Alfa de Cronbach de 0.89, considerada muy alta. La intervención aplicada al grupo experimental se denominó GenIA-Dinámica PYME y combinó diagnóstico de datos, uso guiado de modelos generativos, análisis de escenarios, tableros financieros y protocolos de verificación humana. Los resultados modelados evidenciaron equivalencia inicial entre los grupos; sin embargo, después de la intervención, las empresas que aplicaron GenIA-Dinámica PYME obtuvieron medias superiores en calidad de decisión, velocidad analítica, control de costos, productividad administrativa, conversión comercial y competitividad percibida. La prueba t de Student mostró diferencias significativas y la d de Cohen indicó efectos altos. Se concluye que la inteligencia artificial generativa puede fortalecer la competitividad de las pymes cuando se integra con capacidades de absorción, gobierno de datos, criterio humano y aprendizaje estratégico, evitando una adopción meramente instrumental o improvisada.
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