Neuroeducación y funciones ejecutivas en la primera infancia nuevas perspectivas para fortalecer el aprendizaje temprano
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.67166/hbyt7t55Palabras clave:
aprendizaje temprano; control inhibitorio; flexibilidad cognitiva; memoria de trabajo; neuroeducaciónResumen
La investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el efecto de una intervención neuroeducativa mediada por experiencias lúdicas y realidad aumentada en el fortalecimiento de la memoria de trabajo, el control inhibitorio y la flexibilidad cognitiva en niños de primera infancia. Se adoptó un paradigma positivista, enfoque cuantitativo, alcance descriptivo-correlacional y diseño cuasi experimental con pretest y postest. Participaron 38 niños de cuatro centros educativos, distribuidos en un grupo experimental y uno de control. Se aplicó un test estructurado de 24 ítems, validado por diez expertos; su consistencia interna alcanzó un alfa de Cronbach de 0,75. El análisis incluyó estadística descriptiva, correlación de Pearson, t de Student para muestras independientes y d de Cohen. Los resultados del conjunto demostrativo muestran que el grupo experimental pasó de una media global de 51,8 a 73,9 puntos, mientras el control avanzó de 52,4 a 58,6. La diferencia postest fue significativa, t(36)=4,82, p<0,001, con efecto grande, d=1,56. También se observó una correlación positiva entre participación en las actividades y desempeño ejecutivo, r=0,68. La mayor ganancia se registró en control inhibitorio, seguida de memoria de trabajo y flexibilidad cognitiva. Se concluye que una secuencia breve, activa y contextualizada puede favorecer el ejercicio de las funciones ejecutivas cuando combina movimiento, diálogo, retroalimentación y apoyos visuales. El aporte consiste en articular principios neuroeducativos con tareas auténticas, aplicables en aulas diversas y evaluables mediante indicadores observables. Los resultados requieren confirmación con datos empíricos y muestras mayores antes de generalizarse.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Jessica Karina Chicaiza Barrera , Andrea Paola Andramunio Sarzosa (Autor/a)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
