Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos para desarrollar el cálculo de perímetros y áreas en Matemáticas en estudiantes de Educación General Básica Media
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.67166/phd1md57Keywords:
aprendizaje basado en proyectos; área; Educación General Básica Media; geometría; perímetro.Abstract
El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar el efecto del Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos en el desarrollo de las destrezas para calcular perímetros y áreas en Matemáticas en estudiantes de Educación General Básica Media. Se planteó un estudio de enfoque cuantitativo, alcance descriptivo-correlacional y diseño cuasi experimental con pretest y postest, integrado por 60 participantes distribuidos en un grupo experimental y un grupo de control, procedentes de cuatro centros educativos. Se aplicó una prueba estructurada de 24 ítems, sometida a validación de contenido por expertos y con una confiabilidad alfa de Cronbach de 0,93. La intervención “GeoMétrica ABP” se desarrolló durante ocho semanas mediante retos de medición, diseño de planos, construcción de modelos y comunicación de soluciones. Para el contraste se emplearon estadísticos descriptivos, correlación de Pearson, prueba t de Student para muestras independientes y tamaño del efecto d de Cohen. Los resultados de la simulación metodológica mostraron que el grupo experimental alcanzó una media postest de 79,10 puntos, frente a 65,23 del grupo de control; la diferencia fue estadísticamente significativa, t(58)=6,55, p<0,001, con un efecto grande, d=1,69. Asimismo, la participación en las fases del proyecto se relacionó positivamente con el desempeño final, r=0,72, p<0,001. Las mayores mejoras se observaron en la resolución de problemas contextualizados, la descomposición de figuras y la selección pertinente de unidades. Se concluye que una secuencia de proyectos auténticos, acompañada de modelación docente, trabajo colaborativo y evaluación formativa, ofrece una vía pedagógica consistente para conectar el razonamiento geométrico con situaciones del entorno y fortalecer aprendizajes matemáticos transferibles.
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